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Solar System
| Planet | Equatorial Radius (km) |
Orbital Period in days |
Semi-major axis of orbit in AU |
| Mercury | |||
| Venus | |||
| Earth | |||
| Mars | |||
| Jupiter | |||
| Saturn | 60,000 | 10,800.4425 | 9.56329 |
| Uranus | |||
| Neptune | |||
| Pluto | |||
| Solar Radius | 696,000 |
Astronomical Unit = AU = 149,597,870 km
Velocity of Light (in a vacuum)
c = 299,792,458 meters per second
= 186,282.4 miles per second.
Solar System Size Comparison Poster by Starry Night Store
Earth and Moon
CONSTANT / NUMERIC VALUE
Earth, Radius, Equatorial 3963.19245606 mi. 6,378,140 m
Earth, Circumference, Equatorial 24,901.4726094 mi. 40,075,035.5351 m
Earth, Circumference, Mean 24,873.492365 mi. 40,030,005.6967 m
Earth, Arc Degree, Mean 69.0933962964 mi. 111,1950.42769 m
Earth, Radius, Mean 3958.73926185 mi. 6,370,973.27862 m
Earth, Radius, Polar 3949.90462476 mi. 6,356,755.28816 m
Flattening, axis ratio 0.996647186822
Flattening inverse 298.257
Flattening of the Earth 0.0033528131779
Inclination, Lunar Orbit, Mean 5.1453964°
Wobble, Lunar Orbit Inclination ± 0.0025°
Moon, Distance 384,399,070 m
Lunar Orbit Eccentricity 0.054900489
Moon, Radius, Mean 1,738,000 m
Obliquity of the Ecliptic 23.439291111°
Solar distance 149,597,870,000 m
Geographical Mile 1,855.32571922 m
Periodicity
Saros Cycle is an eclipse cycle of 242 nodal months, 223 synodic periods, 239 anomalistic months and 17 eclipse years.
242 x 27.21222 = 6585.357425
223 x 29.53059 = 6585.321321
239 x 27.55455 = 6585.536614
19 x 346.62006 = 6585.781197
Metonic Cycle is a cycle that produces the same phase of the moon on the same date of the tropical year every 19 years.
235 x 29.53059 = 6939.688388
255 x 27.21222 = 6939.116295
19 x 365.24219 = 6939.601660
MODULES in degrees
Lunar Motion per Mean Rotation 13.1403824445°
Mean Daily Lunar Motion 13.1763582244°
Solar Orbit per Day 0.985609119791°
Solar Orbit per Sidereal Rotation 0.982918083604°
Solar Orbit per Nodal Month 26.8206129544°
Solar Orbit per Sidereal Month 26.9284788014°
Solar Orbit per Synodic Month 29.1056177173°
Periodicity Formulas
Sidereal Orbit (365.25636042 + 1.1 x 10-7 TE) days
Tropical Year (365.24219878 – 6.14 x 10-6 TE) days
Eclipse Year (346.620031 + 3.2 x 10-5 TE) days
Anomalistic Year (365.25964134 + 3.04 x 10-6 TE) days
Sidereal Lunar Orbit (27.3216610 – 2.0 x 10-7 T) days
Lunar Mean Daily Sidereal Motion (13.1763582975 – 1.0224 x 10-8 T)°
Lunar Synodical Period (29.5305992 – 2.0 x 10-7 T) days
Centenial General Precession Longitude (1.396291666… + 0.0006180555…T)°
Given TE = Julian centuries from day 0.5, 1900 ET
Given T = Tropical centuries from 1900.0 N
Definitions
- Sidereal Orbit is a revolution relative to a fixed celestial position.
- Sidereal Noon is the instant of transit of mean equinox relative to a fixed meridian position.
- Fundamental Epoch of Sidereal Time (FE) is the instant 12 hours, 0 days, 1900 years A.D. with hours in mean sidereal time.
- Ephemeris Time is the actual count of solar days from a fixed meridian.
- Tropical Year (YT) is the period from equinox to equinox.
- Eclipse Year (YE) is the period between the earth and lunar orbit planes node crossings.
- Temporal Unit (TU) is 36,525 mean solar days since Jan. 0.5, 1900, UT.
- Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time (GT) = 0.0 hours UT = 12 hours + aFMS
- Universal Time (UT) has replaced Mean Solar Time due to a recognition of the non-uniform rotation rate of the earth.
- Lunar Synodic Period (S9) is the period of time from one full or new moon to another, that is the time between consecutive alignments of the sun, earth and moon on a plane perpendicular to the plane of solar revolution.
- Precession (PR) is the retrograde rotation of the earth’s axis relative to fixed celestial reference.
- Annual Parallax is the viewpoint difference due to the change in the earth’s position relative to the sun. For the nearest star the angle is about 0.000222.°
- Annual Aberration is the angular shift in apparent position resulting from motion velocity of viewing from orbiting (moving) earth.
- Diurnal Parallax is the viewpoint difference due to the rotation of the earth. The amount varies with the latitude of the observer.
- Diurnal Aberration is the result of observing from a spining observing position on the surface of the earth. Velocity of the observer causes apparent shift to a maximum correction of about 0.0008333° at the equator.
- Atmospheric Refraction is the bending of light rays by the earth’s atmosphere.
GRAVITY
Mass of the Sun = 1.9891 x 1030 kg
Mass of the Earth = 5.974 x 1024 kg
Mass of the Moon = 7.348031948 x 1022 kg
References:
- U.S. Naval Observatory – Data Services
- International Astronomic Union accepted values for January 1, 2000.
- ASTRONOMIC CONSTANTS INDEX by James Q. Jacobs
Archaeoastronomy
According to Harleston*, he principle unit of measurement as used by Teotihuanacos was a length of 1.059463 metres. Translated into feet this is 3.47593ft and is accurate to within one part in 19,000 of the double royal Egyptian cubit of 3.4757485ft, in later works he refined the figure still further to be correct to within five decimal places of this length, of which he was at that time unaware.
He called the measure a hunab, which in the Aztec language means “unified measure”, and the hunab is exactly eight to seven of the Aztec betan, which means “yard”.
[* http://www.secretacademy.com/pages/hughharleston.htm]
Table of ancient measurement units and origins
(compiled by Jim Allen*)
1 English inch = 25.399772mm taken as 25.4mm
1 English inch = 1/500,000 part of Earth’s polar diameter
half inch = 1,000,000,000 part of Earth’s polar diameter
1 palm = 3 inches
1 pound weight was originally the weight of a cube of 3 x 3 x 3 inches filled with water
a cubic foot originally weighed 64lbs and contained 8 gallons
a modern cubic foot weighs 62.137lbs and contains 6.2 gallons
Foot
- English 12.0″ (304.8mm) derived from polar diameter
- Saxon 13.2″ (335.3mm) 20 Sumerian shusi
- Roman (1) 13.18″ (335.0mm) similar to Saxon foot
- Roman (2) 11.65″ (295.9mm) 24/25ths of the Greek foot
- Paris (1) 12.785″ (324.74mm) 1/6th of toise diameter of wheel
- Paris (2) 12.789″ (324.84mm) diameter of wheel
- Russian 14.0″ (355.6mm) diameter of wheel
- Greek 12.136″ (308.3mm) Greece latitude
- Babylon 12.126″ (308.0mm) Babylon latitude and Phoenicia
- Egypt (1) 12.118″ (307.8mm) Egypt latitude
- Egypt (2) 11.81″ (300.0mm) circumference as pi 3141592653
- Remen 14.58″ (370.3mm) mean of latitudes
Cubit
- Egyptian Royal (1) 20.62″ (523.7mm) circumference of earth in atur
- Egyptian Royal (2) 20.6264″ (523.9mm) diameter of earth in atur
- Egyptian Royal (3) 20.669″ (525.0mm) circumference as pi 3141592653
- EgyptianRoyal (4) 20.72″ (526.3mm) circumference as 40,000,000mtrs
- Sumerian 19.8″ (502.9mm) 24/25ths of Egyptian Royal cubit
- Greek 18.205″ (462.4mm) Greece latitude
- Babylon 18.1889″ (462.0mm) Babylon latitude and Phoenicia
- Egypt Geographic(1) 18.177″ (461.7mm) Egypt latitude
- Egypt Geographic(2) 17.716″ (450.0mm) circumference as pi 3141592653
- Sacred Cubit = 25 inches
- Great Cubit = 30 inches = sacred cubit of 25″ plus a hand of 5″
Megalithic Yard
- Britain 2.72ft 32.64″ (829.0mm) year of 365¼ days
- Sumeria 2.750ft 33.0″ (838.2mm) year of 360 days
- India 2.750ft 33.0″ (838.2mm) year of 360 days
- Peru 2.750ft 33.0″ (838.2mm) year of 360 days
- Statute Mile 5280ft or 8 furlongs of 240 Sumerian yards
Geographic Mile
6076.8884ft mean of meridians latitude
6056.97ft Egypt middle latitude
6062.99ft Babylon latitude
6068.46ft Greece latitude
6046.3418ft equatorial latitude
6087.268ft equatorial longitude
6107.7755ft polar latitude
Nautical mile 6080.00ft Admiralty sea mile
Sumerian Shusi
1 Sumerian shusi = 0.66″
10 Sumerian Shusi = 6.6″ = 1 hand
12 Sumerian Shusi = 7.2″ = 1 link
20 Sumerian shusi = 13.2″ = 1 foot
30 Sumerian Shusi = 19.8″ = 1 cubit
50 Sumerian Shusi = 33.0″ = 1 Sumerian yard
100 Sumerian Shusi = 66.0″ = 1 double Sumerian yard
Acre
1 acre = 600 x 60 Sumerian feet = 36,000 sq Sumerian feet
1 acre = 660 x 66 English feet = 43,560 sq English feet
Pole
1 pole = 15 Sumerian feet
1 pole = 16.5 English feet
Chain
1 chain = 20 Sumerian feet
1 chain = 22 English feet
Furlong
1 furlong = 600 Sumerian feet
1 furlong = 660 English feet
Royal Cubit
1 Royal cubit of 21 inches rolls out a double Sumerian yard of 66″ or 2 Sumerian yards
SI Units
1 metre = 1/10,000,000 part of the Earth’s quadrant circumference
1 litre = a cube of 100mm x 100mm x 100mm
1 kilogram = the weight of a cube of 100mm x 100mm x 100mm filled with water
[* Source: Historic Atlantis in Bolivia]
Related links: Measurements and Units
Archaeoastronomy Articles on our website:
- Astronomical Alignments of Ancient Structures
- CIVILIZATION ONE: Uncovering the Superscience of Prehistory
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The digital orrery created by Piotr Kaczmarek. It is too detailed to be embedded in this article, so click on the screen capture below to load it in a new window.
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See screenshots below (click to enlarge):
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